The 2024 Celtic Nation Food Almanac is out soon!
The 2024 Celtic Nation Food Almanac is out soon!
The Celtic Triangle is a thousand mile triangle that extends from the north of Great Britain, south-westwards through Galicia in the North of Spain and including the Iberian peninsular, then eastwards to the biblical province of Galatia in the middle east, and then north-westwards, back to the north of Great Britain.
Although not all of the geography of The Celtic Triangle became Celtic, some of the Celtic regions within this triangle rose and fell, others were conquered, some were subject to the rising and falling tides of invasion and liberation, and at least one remains free to this day, because of the strategic fortune of a dynastic marriage.
But perhaps the one matter that remains distictive about the collective of all of these Celtic peoples, covering both time and space, and era and eon, is that even given that some of these Celtic peoples no longer appear on the map of today, is that no matter what joys or tribulations that were upon them, that they all retained their characteristic ethnic Celtic nature of remaining strange, remaining foreign: to the conquered this was under protest, to the free, it was manifest jubilation, but as is evident by we Orthodox Celts existing today, the prevailing sanctity of Celtic ethnicity has been preserved.
So given the sanctity of Celts having a defined ethnic nature, on the subject of cuisine, two questions become paramount: "What food did the peoples of each Celtic nation eat?", and "What is a reasonable cut-off date after which additional foods that were brought into any Celtic region, would not be considered to be Celtic Nation Food?"
These questions can be partially answered by considering the chronicles of both the early Celtic Church, and the Roman Catholic Church in those centuries before the Church of England became protestant.
On one hand, Britain's first patron saint, Bran the Blessed (whose name means raven), is recorded as having made a pilgrimage to Rome. Early Celtic kings, such as Caratacus, are recorded as having done the same. The Celtic saints, Patrick and Kentigern, and many other Celtic leaders including Urien of Rheged, who is otherwise known as King of the Ravens, are recorded as having made similar pilgrimages, and various branches of the church hold that travel between all of the Celtic regions was well practiced - as exemplified by the story that even Christ is supposed to have visited Glastonbury in England. Did he or not? For the purpose of this discourse it doesn't really matter, as what does matter is that because it is popularly believed, then it is illustrated that traveling between these regions is popularly understood as being a normal thing, two thousand years ago!
So, then, what is significant about all of the Celtic traveling between all of the Celtic nations?
It was the responsibilty of princes, bishops, and kings, to not only be concerned about their own peoples, but also be ambassadors to others, and despite that Celts have the characteristic of remaining strange, remaining foreign, then for the pragmatic sake of keeping the peace, their leaders needed to be ambassadors of their peoples to the outside world - and as a result, many Celtic leaders visited many other Celtic nations.
Not only did these Celtic leaders travel between various other Celtic homelands frequently, they also did it by foot and by boat, and because of that, they were exposed to a very high degree of the domestic matters of each of the Celtic countries that they traveled through.
Significantly, a Celt from, say Iberia, or Britain, around the time of Christ, whose Celtic regions do not have apricots, yet who traveled to Galatia where they did have apricots in that century, could, by the undertaking of their own ethnic nature, realise that this food, as eaten by the Celtic peoples who they were visiting, were not something to remain strange from, and which could become a regular part of their diet. Eating this food back in their homeland was just a matter of logisitics.
To digress, but for a very important reason - these ancient Celts, traveling as ambassadors to foreign lands, would also travel through, and meet, leaders of non-Celtic peoples. Should they remain strange and not submit to the courtesies of 'Non-Celtic-Nation-Food' that was provided to them on their travels? No, of course not, such would work against the very reason that they needed to be ambassadors of their own peoples, to the foreign leaders that they would meet, in their bids to keep the peace.
It is seemingly paradoxial, this matter that a person would remain strange whilst at home, and yet indulge in foreign delights whilst abroad, however the paradox is resolved in that this merely illustrates another ethnic trait of those who remain strange, the keltoi: at home, one is true to ones ethnic nature and remains strange, yet as an ambassador in a foreign place, one is not under such constraints where to be so is connected with keeping the peace. This trait is true of many cultures, including parallels in Judaism, where Jews are free to heal on the Sabbath, yet refrain from work on the Sabbath.
However the importance of this principle is that it gives an ethnic foundation to maintaining a Celtic Nation Food strict diet at home, yet also being able to eat what is offered - or only available - when either visiting others, or being in a location where no Celtic Nation Food is available. We shall consider this further in Part 3.
In seeking a suitable cut-off date, we have so far considered that Celts were free to eat food as if it was their own, when visiting other Celtic nations; and we have considered that ordinarily, Celts would refrain from foreign incantations unless they were away from their homeland on an ambassadorial role, or located where no Celtic Nation Food was available. Here, we have cleverly wandered into a discussion that gives us some clever measures to choose a cut-off date!
Before we start considering these, for completeness, let's also consider that when our ancient forefathers were traveling in non-Celtic lands, that by typically being in the neighbourhood of other Celtic countries, that when in such a non-Celtic country, that in all likelihood they were exposed to a plethora of food that was also readily available in the neighbouring Celtic countries.
The importance of this is that we are not trying to exclude foods that were in non-Celtic countries, we are instead trying to include food that was in any Celtic nation country. So a Celt in a non-Celtic country, would rejoice in eating food in that non-Celtic country, if it was available in a neighbouring Celtic country. Taking this to it's fullest extent, a Celt could ordinarily eat any food that was available in any Celtic country, no matter where he was, in a Celtic country or not!
Similarly, we can also consider that the heritage of a Celtic region that was later conquerered and in time even became non-Celtic, is also part of the continuing Celtic record. The Celtic Triangle is only about a thousand miles on each side of the triangle, so if a food is discovered to have been in a country that was once Celtic, can easily be added to the almanac on the grounds that such a former Celtic country is generally in the neighbourhood of other Celtic countries in continuance and where the same food would have been likely.
So this is why we can consider that up until a certain date, that any food that is discovered to have already been in a country that was Celtic or was once Celtic, before our predetermined date, should be included in the Celtic Nation Food Almanac!
So now, let's hone down the cut-off date to the year 638 AD.
In Part 1 we discussed a bracket that, on the legalistic left, illustrated that to exclude plums that were introduced by the Romans to a Celtic region 18 centuries ago, would be legalistic; and that on the licentious right, we illustrated that to include potatoes because the Irish lately seem to consider potatoes a national food despite they being a recent-century introduction from South America, is licentious. We're looking for the freedom of choice between these brackets, but not the brackets themselves!
We've dealt with the legalistic issue here, by considering that before a certain date, that all food that is discovered to have existed in a Celtic region before that date, whether discovered to be there during the Celtic regime, or afterwards if the Celts had dissapearred, has reasons-enough to be included in the Celtic Nation Food Almanac.
The issue of licentiousness, however, is unresolved, and the introduction of corn, potatoes, and tomatoes, from South America to the western world, is a good mechanic to illustrate the nature of this bracket on the right.
The discovery of the New World, brought many delights back to the western hemisphere, and for the sake of a creating a useful metaphor, the introduction of these delights to Celtic regions was nothing but a deluge of strange and foreign food-stuffs and customs, upon them.
We can very usefully abstract the issue here by saying that the cut-off point should be just before the appearance of a historic deluge. Was the discovery of the New World the first deluge that is significant to our story?
No, the earlier expansion of the Germanic peoples into Celtic regions was, and before anyone says "What about the Romans?", although this was a significant deluge upon the Celts at the time, the Romans no longer occupy a single Celtic nation today! But the Germans do, vis-a-vis the Anglo-Saxons in Britain.
Before dicussing the nature of the Anglo-Saxons in Britain and using that to narrow down to the year 638 AD, I'll first discuss the propriety of focussing upon a date that relates to English politics, despite being in a Celtic world that is a triangle of a thousand miles.
Historians typically divide Celts into two groups, Continental, and Insular. In short, Insular Celts occupy the British Isles, and here I use the word British very very loosely indeed, as upon the suffix 'ish', it used to be widely said that Ireland was part of the British Isles. But you get the point. And Continental Celts, are all of those Celts that were not Insular Celts, but were on the Continent of Europe.
Now there are, right across Continental Europe, many people in this modern day, who as part of their modern nation, do sit upon ancient Celtic forts, cities, and regions, who have affection for these heritages, and who rightfully call themselves Celts, if that is who they are.
However it is the general historical consideration that other than Brittany, that all other surviving Celtic nations are Insular, and a closer look at Brittany reveals that Brittany was established by native Britons who retreated there from Great Britain, in the face of the Anglo-Saxon advance upon them at the time. The name Brittany means Britain, hence the distinction between Great Brittain and Little Britain.
In short, there aren't any Continental Celtic nations in continuity today, and yet there is Insular Celtic nation continuity in both the British Isles and in Brittany.
This is not to say that a movement of Celtic Nation Food lovers in continental Europe wont revive European Celtic communes, however for the sake of choosing a date that was before the last significant deluge upon any Celtic nation in continuity, we have to look towards the Insular Celts, and the culprits of the last significant deluge upon them: the Anglo-Saxons.
The Anglo-Saxon deluge upon the Insular Celts has its roots in the fifth century, when Hengist and Horsa arrived in Britain, who invited in as mercenaries to serve the Briton King, Vortigen, turned on him and succesfully conquered Kent. From this foothold, many more Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and others, started a relentless push northwards, and westwards, across Great Britain, with native Celts either retreating in the face of this advance, or their hamlets being subsumed under Anglo-Saxon leadership, where they lived out their lives, whose genes bubble up in the same regions into today.
By the late sixth century, some of the Celts had retreated to the horn of Great Britain, becoming known as the Corn-Welsh, because corn means horn, and the ancient Greek word keltoi, translated into Old English as wealhas, that is, Welsh in modern day English. And that explains the origin of the name Cornwall.
Curiously, what is now known as the principality of Wales did not exists in that century, and today's north/south divide in Wales can be traced back native Celts in the southern part of what is now England but who did not retreat to Cornwall, retreating to the south of what we now call Wales.
The north of what we now call Wales, however, has a more exciting history. There is an old pre-Anglo-Saxon region called "The Old North", which is translated from the Welsh "Yr Hen Ogledd".
For many this is their first Welsh lesson, with Yr meaning 'the', Hen meaning 'old', and Ogledd meaning 'north'. The dd is a single character that is pronounced 'th', and as words in Welsh mutate, the word Ogledd is often seen as Gogledd, and Yr is often seen as Y - both are examples of the same word but as appropriately mutated as depends upon context.
The region of The Old North (merely called Yr Ogledd by modern Celts who recognise it's continuance into the modern day) can nowadays be drawn on a map to be in an approximate 125 mile radius from a circular henge that is a mile or so from Penrith, at Eamont Bridge, called King Arthur's Round Table.
The curious thing about Yr Hen Ogledd is that also in the fifth century, there was a deluge upon the north-west of Great Britain, not coming from the south-east, but instead, coming from Ireland.
How this affects the north of now called Wales, is that there was a meeting of Celts in Yr Hen Ogledd that resulted in the Celtic Gododdin tribe of Edinburgh (there's that 'dd' again that is pronounced 'th'), who in even older Welsh were called the Votadini, who elected to travel to the Lynn Peninsula in the north west of Wales, and expel the Irish who were settling there.
Apparently the Celts of Yr Hen Ogledd were only interested in preserving Yr Hen Ogledd, because they didn't move to expel the Scoti, also from Ireland, who were a deluge further to the north, upon the western Isles of what is now Scotland, which is further to the north and not part of Yr Hen Oggledd.
In any case, the Gododdin from Edinburgh set up a permanent kingdom in the north of now Wales, and this explains the northern part of Wales's north/south divide: the Lynn Peninsular is considered part of Yr Hen Ogledd, being at the extreme radius of 125 miles from the henge at Eamont Bridge; indeed, the Lynn Peninsular can be categorised to be part of Yr Hen Ogledd for the reason that if it was otherwise, the Gododdin would not have been interested in expelling the Irish from such a place, as exemplified by the matter that they did not expel the Scoti, who were further north at the time but clearly not in Yr Hen Ogledd.
However the land to the south of now Wales, was not in Yr Hen Ogledd, so it's fair to say that the north of Wales has it's back to the south of Wales, and instead faces further into Yr Hen Ogledd!
As geographically, those who founded the Kingdom of Gwynedd in the north of Wales could gaze from it, right across Yr Hen Ogledd, through the henge at Eamont Bridge at Yr Hen Ogledd's center, to the now modern day precinct of Lothian on the distant far side, from where they came!
The reason why Yr Hen Ogledd is relevant to discovering which deluge forms the cut-off date, the deluge of the Scoti to the north-west, or the deluge of the Anglo-Saxon from the south-east, is because we have to compare the date of the Scoti deluge north of Yr Hen Gogledd, with the date of the Anglo-Saxon deluge within Yr Hen Ogledd.
However, if we trace the Anglo-Saxon expansion westwards, and northwards, from the south-east, we find it to be an earlier deluge than the later Scoti wide-spread deluges over those Britons north of Yr Hen Ogledd, including the Picts: curiously, there were two events that happened in 638 AD and 642 AD respectively, involving the Anglo-Saxons, that are pertinant.
In 642, Celtic Edinburgh fell to the Anglo-Saxons, that region from which the Gododdin had centuries earlier launched their plan to liberate the Llynn Peninsular on the diagnal side of Yr Hen Ogledd. So in 642 AD, the Anglo-Saxon deluge was already taking place in this region. Non-Celtic aggressors were introducing foreign peoples and practices into a place that ethnically remains strange, remains foreign, from practices and peoples who were not their own.
However, in 638 AD, something very interesting happened. When is a deluge of one peoples upon another peoples, not a deluge? When there is a dynastic marriage between the most powerful Celtic kingdom in the region, and the most powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdom in the region!
In short, something of such magnitude happened that was so powerful that even two words in native Welsh suddenly reversed meaning!
Central to Yr Hen Ogledd, "The Old North", was the Celtic Kingdom of Rheged. Rheged's line of kings traditionally goes back to Coel Hen, who filled the vacuum left by the Romans in The North, when the Romans left Britain sometime between 388 and 400 AD. Apparently, the nursery rhyme "Old King Cole was a merry old soul" is a reference to Coel Hen, and indeed, Coel Hen translates to Old Cole! Believe it or not!
So, sometime around the start of the 6th century, Urien, King of Rheged appears. Urien's generational descent from Coel Hen was quite short, just five generations. Urien was also known as King of the Ravens, and as the raven is the sign that Celts used to go to war under, it is very significant indeed that Urien acquired this accolade. Indeed, the traditional coat of arms that was attributed to Urien in the middle ages, has three ravens on it. This is also where the notion Ravens of Rheged comes from, and the traditional understanding of the symbol of the raven in the ancient world, was that it means "we will survive all adversity that is upon us, we will prevail."
I'll illustrate the common understanding of what the raven means, using two anecdotes, one biblical, and another that is closer to the modern day.
Biblically, Noah, from his ark, released the raven, but it kept returning until the dove of peace had been released. Which is to say "We will survive this adversity, and as ravens we will continue to fly back and forth across the waters of the deep until the dove of peace is released". Naturally when the Book of Genesis was written, the symbols that were used would have been commonly understood by the general population, and coincidentally, Moses is attributed as being the Book of Genesis's author, who is supposed to have lived in the 6th and 5th centuries BC - which, as it turns out, is when the keltoi used to go to war under the sign of the raven. Quite obviously the symbol of the raven meant 'we will survive all adversity, we will prevail'.
Closer to the modern day, there is the prophesy "So long as there are ravens in the Tower of London, then England will not fall": although this prophesy also has partial roots with Bran the Blessed a full thousand years before The Tower of London was built - "so long as the head of the raven faces south, Britain will not fall" - all of the prophesies similarly extol that the symbol of the raven implies that we will survive, we will get through all adversity that is upon us. Given that the later prophesy can be connected to Bran the Blessed, it is curious that Bran's name translates as raven! Bran, as a Christian warrior-saint, was the original 'head of the raven', and to face south, as a Celtic Christian was to face the direction of The Holy Spirit.
How does the direction of the south, equate to referring to the Holy Spirit? Quite easily! In the ancient Briton language, indeed, also in the modern day, the word for "left" and "north" are the same word, and the word for "right" and "south" are the same word. To a Christian saint, to face south, which is the same as facing to the right, alludes to the right referring to Christ saying in the Garden of Gethsemane that he had to go to heaven to sit at the right hand of the father so that the Holy Spirit could come (paraphrased). Thus the expression "So long as the head of the raven faces south" means 'so long as the leadership are faithful to the holy spirit, we will prevail'.
This matter is particularly magnified in the Celtic mindset, because of the biblical text that says "... the stars will fall to the ground ...". How can the stars fall to the ground? Quite simply, as it turns out!
Even the Celtic story of The Sword and The Stone illustrates that Celtic knowlege was very highly transported using metaphors, and because the Celtic metaphor of 'The South' can mean 'the direction of the Holy Spirit', it is quite incredible to realise the significance of the matter that the constellation of The Southern Cross can be seen from Celtic lands.
The reason why this is significant is that the constellation of the southern cross is used in conjunction with the constellation of the two pointers, to identify the location of the south - the south celestial pole - that is, in metaphor, it not only locates the Holy Spirit, it gives greater emphasis to the Christian metaphor of how to find 'The Great Southland of The Holy Spirit'!
The biblical difference between the matter of before The Holy Spirit being outpoured, and afterwards, is exemplified by "The Two Johns", that is, John the Baptist, and the Apostle John. The Baptist's ministry happened before the outpouring of The Holy Spirit, and the ministry of the Apostle, afterwards. It is in this sense, that The Two Johns can be said to be The Two Pointers, and this is because the difference between them exemplifies a single matter - in this case, the Holy Spirit is exemplified.
So given that Christ said that he had to go to heaven so that the Holy Spirit could come (our paraphrase of his comment in the Garden of Gethsemene), then as the Constellation of the Southern Cross looks like a Cross of Christ, and that the Two Pointers ('The Two Johns') are used to point to the south celestial pole in conjunction with the Cross of Christ, then the stars can be said to have fallen to the ground of man's "understanding", by this revelation.
Note how the metaphor plays on the word 'understanding': those who understand, do stand on the ground - hence stars that "have fallen to man's understanding" can be said to have fallen to the ground, vis-a-vis "... the stars will fall to the ground ..." So you can see, Christianity is important to the Celtic world!
So, by the time we get down to Urien's grand-children we get to one who became St Kentigern, who became the Bishop of Glasgow, and who also set up a church in the English Lake District, in 553 AD.
However it's the next generation where all the magic happens, and this happened under the watchful eye of St Kentigern!
Urien's great-grand-daughter, Rhiainfellt, became the Queen of Rheged, and it was she who married Oswui, who later became the 7th Anglo-Saxon High King. Oswui is very significant himself, because it was he who set up the Synod of Whitby, to resolve the differences between when the Celtic and Roman Catholic Churches celebrated Easter: the Synod of Whitby is considered to be the origin of the Church of England.
Up until the time of this marriage, the Welsh word rheg, meant gift, or present, and the Welsh word anrheg, meant curse. However from 638 AD, the meanings of these words flipped, so that rheg meant curse, and anrheg meant gift (or present). Why did this happen? The answer comes down to Celtic ethnicity!
At this time, there were many Celtic kingdoms in Great Britain, and as it is the ethnic nature of Celts to remain strange, foreign, it was a natural inclination for all of the Celtic kingdoms to want to expel the Anglo-Saxons. Up until now, all free Celts in Great Britain were orthodox Celts.
As evidenced by the matter that Rhiainfellt's great-grandfather, Urien, King of Rheged, had been called King of the Ravens, illustrates just how strategically placed that the Kingdom of Rheged was: to hold the central kingdom of Britain is to hold Britain itself, and the central kingdom was Rheged.
This explains how significant that this dynastic marriage was, both to the Anglo-Saxons, as well as to all of the Briton kingdoms: the marriage of the Queen of Rheged to the prince who would eventually become the 7th Anglo-Saxon King - his brother was the 6th Anglo-Saxon High King at the time - was a curse to the Britons, but a point of jubilation to the Anglo-Saxons.
No wonder the word rheg flipped from meaning gift, present, to curse, and the word anrheg flipped from meaning curse to gift, present.
From the time of this marriage, something magical occured. On one hand, via the dynastic marriage, Rheged was articulated to the office of the Anglo-Saxon High King. On the other hand, Rheged is a Celtic country whose ethnic nature was to remain strange, to not be assimilated. These opposing forces meant that Rheged was never 'integrated' into the Anglo-Saxon world, but was 'articulated' to it.
The decision of the Queen of Rheged to articulate her kingdom to the Anglo-Saxons must have been a difficult one and is celebrated in the following song, which was written and recorded in 2011. The name Pen Rhith, means Chief Appearing Place, via the literal translation chief appearance and implying 'chief meeting place', and in meeting all of her elders at the Chief Appearing Place, it implies that she met them at the very center of Yr Hen Ogledd, the henge at Eamont Bridge that is nowadays called King Arthur's Round Table; curiously, this suggests that Penrith is named after the henge, which was the chief meeting place of those who gathered there, which being central to Great Britain, is also very sensibly called King Arthur's Round Table.
A song celebrating the dynastic marriage in 638 AD between Rhiainfellt, the Queen of Rheged and Prince Oswui, who became the 7th Anglo-Saxon High King.
For this reason, food that was already in Rheged by the year 638 AD, should automatically be included in the Celtic Nation Food Almanac.
However, from the marriage onwards, any food introduced to the region by the Anglo-Saxons, should not be added to the Celtic almanac, because despite the dynastic marriage, it is the nature of a raven to always be a raven, a raven will do what a raven does. And that is to survive, to retain it's Celtic ethnicity, to remain strange to foreign introductions. To hit the nail on the head, so to speak, any new food introduction to Rheged by the Anglo-Saxons after the dynastic marriage, would have been a foreign introduction, hence does not qualify to be entered in the Celtic Nation Food Almanac. This marriage occurred in 638 AD, this is the cut-off!
And that answers the question "Why the year 638 AD?" ... but the magic doesn't stop there, because this just explains the Celtic perspective, what is the perspective of the Anglo-Saxons?
The Anglo-Saxons understood the native mindset, and because Oswui married Rhiainfellt, that can be said to be true. If he married The Queen of Rheged, he must have known the Queen of Rheged's mind. In addition, it was Owsui who presided over the Synod of Whitby to resolve the question of when Easter should be celebrated - Oswui was one very clever chap!
In being clever, Oswui would have also known that a dynastic marriage between he and Rhiainfellt would obligate the natives of Rheged under their own native laws to serve him as king, and by marrying Rhiainfellt he would have heard about the Ravens of Rheged, about Urien's reputation, and would have known that by marrying Rhiainfellt that he had essentially tied the Ravens of Rheged to serve the Anglo-Saxons until the chains of this marriage were somehow broken: no doubt, that because ravens always pass from one side of adversity to the other, and because they always prevail, then to have legally acquired the servitude of the Ravens of Rheged, then he had effectively secured the destiny of England.
Does this sound familiar: "So long as there are ravens in the Tower of London, then England will not fall!" Surely this prophesy is the evolution of an earlier one, where the symbol of the "Ravens in The Tower" is a direct reference to the Ravens of Rheged being as if chained in the tower, the symbol of the chains coming from the matter that the ravens were tied there by the legality of the marriage, because without those ties, they'd merely fly away: it's not natural for a raven to serve the Anglo-Saxons, so the ravens were "as-if" chained to the tower.
There was, of course, an 8th Anglo-Saxon High King, the King of Wessex, who came after Oswui being the 7th, and curiously, he marched into 'North Wales' to claim it by right. But what right was he claiming? And what was this "North Wales"? The significance of this is even further magnified by the matter that the current English Crown comes directly down from the Kingdom of Wessex, which is why the modern day title Earl of Wessex is considered to be very special!
Wessex's capital was of course Winchester, and at that time there was not a principality of Wales, indeed in the north of the now Wales, was the Kingdom of Gwynedd, settled by the Gododdin from Edinburgh, which had it's back to the now south of Wales, the latter which was merely a back-water that was filling up with Celts from the south of England who had not gone to Cornwall.
So this 'Wales' that was directly north of Winchester, can only have been the Kingdom of Rheged expressed in the King of Wessex's own tongue, so the right under which he marched into this North Wales, can only be the right of the Kingdom of Rheged being articulated to the office of Anglo-Saxon High King under the dynastic marriage of the Kingdom of Rheged to the office of the 6th and then 7th Anglo-Saxon High Kings.
No wonder the Welsh words for gift, and curse, flipped!
And forever since, the Ravens of Rheged have been as though chained in the tower of the now Tower of London!
Churchill was spot-on to supplement The Ravens in the Tower, with ravens from North Wales, during WW2, as he did. Or was he?
He chose the wrong 'North Wales' and should instead have gone to the County of Cumberland, which being directly north of Winchester, which as the Kingdom of Rheged in continuance of the Ravens of Rheged, was the correct North Wales of ancient prophesies!
Believe it or not!
Cumberland is still called North Wales by Celts in Cumberland, today.
They call themselves by several names, North Welsh, Countrymen, Cumbermen, Ravens of Rheged, Marra.
So the question is, "Where can I get Celtic Nation Foods today?"
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